5 # This script will get statistical data on newgroup usage
8 # It is part of the NewsStats package.
10 # Copyright (c) 2010-2013 Thomas Hochstein <thh@inter.net>
12 # It can be redistributed and/or modified under the same terms under
13 # which Perl itself is published.
16 our $VERSION = "0.02";
18 # we're in .../bin, so our module is in ../lib
19 push(@INC, dirname($0).'/../lib');
24 use NewsStats qw(:DEFAULT :TimePeriods :Output :SQLHelper ReadGroupList);
27 use Getopt::Long qw(GetOptions);
28 Getopt::Long::config ('bundling');
30 ################################# Main program #################################
32 ### read commandline options
33 my ($OptBoundType,$OptCaptions,$OptCheckgroupsFile,$OptComments,
34 $OptFileTemplate,$OptFormat,$OptGroupBy,$OptGroupsDB,$LowBound,$OptMonth,
35 $OptNewsgroups,$OptOrderBy,$OptReportType,$OptSums,$UppBound,$OptConfFile);
36 GetOptions ('b|boundary=s' => \$OptBoundType,
37 'c|captions!' => \$OptCaptions,
38 'checkgroups=s' => \$OptCheckgroupsFile,
39 'comments!' => \$OptComments,
40 'filetemplate=s' => \$OptFileTemplate,
41 'f|format=s' => \$OptFormat,
42 'g|group-by=s' => \$OptGroupBy,
43 'groupsdb=s' => \$OptGroupsDB,
44 'l|lower=i' => \$LowBound,
45 'm|month=s' => \$OptMonth,
46 'n|newsgroups=s' => \$OptNewsgroups,
47 'o|order-by=s' => \$OptOrderBy,
48 'r|report=s' => \$OptReportType,
49 's|sums!' => \$OptSums,
50 'u|upper=i' => \$UppBound,
51 'conffile=s' => \$OptConfFile,
52 'h|help' => \&ShowPOD,
53 'V|version' => \&ShowVersion) or exit 1;
55 # $OptComments defaults to TRUE
56 $OptComments = 1 if (!defined($OptComments));
57 # force --nocomments when --filetemplate is used
58 $OptComments = 0 if ($OptFileTemplate);
61 if ($OptBoundType =~ /level/i) {
62 $OptBoundType = 'level';
63 } elsif ($OptBoundType =~ /av(era)?ge?/i) {
64 $OptBoundType = 'average';
65 } elsif ($OptBoundType =~ /sums?/i) {
66 $OptBoundType = 'sum';
68 $OptBoundType = 'default';
71 # parse $OptReportType
73 if ($OptReportType =~ /av(era)?ge?/i) {
74 $OptReportType = 'average';
75 } elsif ($OptReportType =~ /sums?/i) {
76 $OptReportType = 'sum';
78 $OptReportType = 'default';
81 # honor $OptCheckgroupsFile,
82 # warn for $OptSums if set concurrently
84 if ($OptCheckgroupsFile) {
85 # read list of newsgroups from --checkgroups
86 # into a hash reference
87 $ValidGroups = &ReadGroupList($OptCheckgroupsFile);
88 &Bleat(1,"--sums option can't possibly work with --checkgroups option set")
92 ### read configuration
93 my %Conf = %{ReadConfig($OptConfFile)};
95 ### override configuration via commandline options
97 $ConfOverride{'DBTableGrps'} = $OptGroupsDB if $OptGroupsDB;
98 &OverrideConfig(\%Conf,\%ConfOverride);
101 my $DBHandle = InitDB(\%Conf,1);
103 ### get time period and newsgroups, prepare SQL 'WHERE' clause
105 # and set caption for output and expression for SQL 'WHERE' clause
106 my ($CaptionPeriod,$SQLWherePeriod) = &GetTimePeriod($OptMonth);
107 # bail out if --month is invalid
108 &Bleat(2,"--month option has an invalid format - ".
109 "please use 'YYYY-MM', 'YYYY-MM:YYYY-MM' or 'ALL'!") if !$CaptionPeriod;
110 # get list of newsgroups and set expression for SQL 'WHERE' clause
111 # with placeholders as well as a list of newsgroup to bind to them
112 my ($SQLWhereNewsgroups,@SQLBindNewsgroups);
113 if ($OptNewsgroups) {
114 ($SQLWhereNewsgroups,@SQLBindNewsgroups) = &SQLGroupList($OptNewsgroups);
115 # bail out if --newsgroups is invalid
116 &Bleat(2,"--newsgroups option has an invalid format!")
117 if !$SQLWhereNewsgroups;
120 ### build SQL WHERE clause (and HAVING clause, if needed)
121 my ($SQLWhereClause,$SQLHavingClause);
122 # $OptBoundType 'level'
123 if ($OptBoundType and $OptBoundType ne 'default') {
124 $SQLWhereClause = SQLBuildClause('where',$SQLWherePeriod,
125 $SQLWhereNewsgroups,&SQLHierarchies($OptSums));
126 $SQLHavingClause = SQLBuildClause('having',&SQLSetBounds($OptBoundType,
127 $LowBound,$UppBound));
128 # $OptBoundType 'threshold' / 'default' or none
130 $SQLWhereClause = SQLBuildClause('where',$SQLWherePeriod,
131 $SQLWhereNewsgroups,&SQLHierarchies($OptSums),
132 &SQLSetBounds('default',$LowBound,$UppBound));
135 ### get sort order and build SQL 'ORDER BY' clause
136 # force to 'month' for $OptReportType 'average' or 'sum'
137 $OptGroupBy = 'month' if ($OptReportType and $OptReportType ne 'default');
138 # default to 'newsgroup' for $OptBoundType 'level' or 'average'
139 $OptGroupBy = 'newsgroup' if (!$OptGroupBy and
140 $OptBoundType and $OptBoundType ne 'default');
141 # default to 'newsgroup' if $OptGroupBy is not set and
142 # just one newsgroup is requested, but more than one month
143 $OptGroupBy = 'newsgroup' if (!$OptGroupBy and $OptMonth and $OptMonth =~ /:/
144 and $OptNewsgroups and $OptNewsgroups !~ /[:*%]/);
145 # parse $OptGroupBy to $GroupBy, create ORDER BY clause $SQLOrderClause
146 # if $OptGroupBy is still not set, SQLSortOrder() will default to 'month'
147 my ($GroupBy,$SQLOrderClause) = SQLSortOrder($OptGroupBy, $OptOrderBy);
148 # $GroupBy will contain 'month' or 'newsgroup' (parsed result of $OptGroupBy)
149 # set it to 'month' or 'key' for OutputData()
150 $GroupBy = ($GroupBy eq 'month') ? 'month' : 'key';
152 ### get report type and build SQL 'SELECT' query
154 my $SQLGroupClause = '';
155 my $Precision = 0; # number of digits right of decimal point for output
156 if ($OptReportType and $OptReportType ne 'default') {
157 $SQLGroupClause = 'GROUP BY newsgroup';
158 # change $SQLOrderClause: replace everything before 'postings'
159 $SQLOrderClause =~ s/BY.+postings/BY postings/;
160 if ($OptReportType eq 'average') {
161 $SQLSelect = "'All months',newsgroup,AVG(postings)";
163 # change $SQLOrderClause: replace 'postings' with 'AVG(postings)'
164 $SQLOrderClause =~ s/postings/AVG(postings)/;
165 } elsif ($OptReportType eq 'sum') {
166 $SQLSelect = "'All months',newsgroup,SUM(postings)";
167 # change $SQLOrderClause: replace 'postings' with 'SUM(postings)'
168 $SQLOrderClause =~ s/postings/SUM(postings)/;
171 $SQLSelect = 'month,newsgroup,postings';
174 ### get length of longest newsgroup name delivered by query
175 ### for formatting purposes
176 my $Field = ($GroupBy eq 'month') ? 'newsgroup' : 'month';
177 my ($MaxLength,$MaxValLength) = &GetMaxLength($DBHandle,$Conf{'DBTableGrps'},
178 $Field,'postings',$SQLWhereClause,
182 ### build and execute SQL query
184 # special query preparation for $OptBoundType 'level', 'average' or 'sums'
185 if ($OptBoundType and $OptBoundType ne 'default') {
186 # prepare and execute first query:
187 # get list of newsgroups meeting level conditions
188 $DBQuery = $DBHandle->prepare(sprintf('SELECT newsgroup FROM %s.%s %s '.
189 'GROUP BY newsgroup %s',
190 $Conf{'DBDatabase'},$Conf{'DBTableGrps'},
191 $SQLWhereClause,$SQLHavingClause));
192 $DBQuery->execute(@SQLBindNewsgroups)
193 or &Bleat(2,sprintf("Can't get groups data for %s from %s.%s: %s\n",
194 $CaptionPeriod,$Conf{'DBDatabase'},$Conf{'DBTableGrps'},
196 # add newsgroups to a comma-seperated list ready for IN(...) query
198 while (my ($Newsgroup) = $DBQuery->fetchrow_array) {
199 $GroupList .= ',' if $GroupList;
200 $GroupList .= "'$Newsgroup'";
202 # enhance $WhereClause
204 $SQLWhereClause = SQLBuildClause('where',$SQLWhereClause,
205 sprintf('newsgroup IN (%s)',$GroupList));
207 # condition cannot be satisfied;
208 # force query to fail by adding '0=1'
209 $SQLWhereClause = SQLBuildClause('where',$SQLWhereClause,'0=1');
214 $DBQuery = $DBHandle->prepare(sprintf('SELECT %s FROM %s.%s %s %s %s',
216 $Conf{'DBDatabase'},$Conf{'DBTableGrps'},
217 $SQLWhereClause,$SQLGroupClause,
221 $DBQuery->execute(@SQLBindNewsgroups)
222 or &Bleat(2,sprintf("Can't get groups data for %s from %s.%s: %s\n",
223 $CaptionPeriod,$Conf{'DBDatabase'},$Conf{'DBTableGrps'},
227 # set default to 'pretty'
228 $OptFormat = 'pretty' if !$OptFormat;
229 # print captions if --caption is set
230 if ($OptCaptions && $OptComments) {
231 # print time period with report type
232 my $CaptionReportType= '(number of postings for each month)';
233 if ($OptReportType and $OptReportType ne 'default') {
234 $CaptionReportType= '(average number of postings for each month)'
235 if $OptReportType eq 'average';
236 $CaptionReportType= '(number of all postings for that time period)'
237 if $OptReportType eq 'sum';
239 printf("# ----- Report for %s %s\n",$CaptionPeriod,$CaptionReportType);
240 # print newsgroup list if --newsgroups is set
241 printf("# ----- Newsgroups: %s\n",join(',',split(/:/,$OptNewsgroups)))
243 # print boundaries, if set
244 my $CaptionBoundary= '(counting only month fulfilling this condition)';
245 if ($OptBoundType and $OptBoundType ne 'default') {
246 $CaptionBoundary= '(every single month)' if $OptBoundType eq 'level';
247 $CaptionBoundary= '(on average)' if $OptBoundType eq 'average';
248 $CaptionBoundary= '(all month summed up)' if $OptBoundType eq 'sum';
250 printf("# ----- Threshold: %s %s x %s %s %s\n",
251 $LowBound ? $LowBound : '',$LowBound ? '=>' : '',
252 $UppBound ? '<=' : '',$UppBound ? $UppBound : '',$CaptionBoundary)
253 if ($LowBound or $UppBound);
254 # print primary and secondary sort order
255 printf("# ----- Grouped by %s (%s), sorted %s%s\n",
256 ($GroupBy eq 'month') ? 'Months' : 'Newsgroups',
257 ($OptGroupBy and $OptGroupBy =~ /-?desc$/i) ? 'descending' : 'ascending',
258 ($OptOrderBy and $OptOrderBy =~ /posting/i) ? 'by number of postings ' : '',
259 ($OptOrderBy and $OptOrderBy =~ /-?desc$/i) ? 'descending' : 'ascending');
263 &OutputData($OptFormat,$OptComments,$GroupBy,$Precision,
264 $OptCheckgroupsFile ? $ValidGroups : '',
265 $OptFileTemplate,$DBQuery,$MaxLength,$MaxValLength);
268 $DBHandle->disconnect;
272 ################################ Documentation #################################
276 groupstats - create reports on newsgroup usage
280 B<groupstats> [B<-Vhcs> B<--comments>] [B<-m> I<YYYY-MM>[:I<YYYY-MM>] | I<all>] [B<-n> I<newsgroup(s)>] [B<--checkgroups> I<checkgroups file>] [B<-r> I<report type>] [B<-l> I<lower boundary>] [B<-u> I<upper boundary>] [B<-b> I<boundary type>] [B<-g> I<group by>] [B<-o> I<order by>] [B<-f> I<output format>] [B<--filetemplate> I<filename template>] [B<--groupsdb> I<database table>] [B<--conffile> I<filename>]
288 This script create reports on newsgroup usage (number of postings per
289 group per month) taken from result tables created by
292 =head2 Features and options
294 =head3 Time period and newsgroups
296 The time period to act on defaults to last month; you can assign another
297 time period or a single month (or drop all time constraints) via the
298 B<--month> option (see below).
300 B<groupstats> will process all newsgroups by default; you can limit
301 processing to only some newsgroups by supplying a list of those groups via
302 B<--newsgroups> option (see below). You can include hierarchy levels in
303 the output by adding the B<--sums> switch (see below). Optionally
304 newsgroups not present in a checkgroups file can be excluded from output,
305 sse B<--checkgroups> below.
309 You can choose between different B<--report> types: postings per month,
310 average postings per month or all postings summed up; for details, see
313 =head3 Upper and lower boundaries
315 Furthermore you can set an upper and/or lower boundary to exclude some
316 results from output via the B<--lower> and B<--upper> options,
317 respectively. By default, all newsgroups with more and/or less postings
318 per month will be excluded from the result set (i.e. not shown and not
319 considered for average and sum reports). You can change the meaning of
320 those boundaries with the B<--boundary> option. For details, please see
323 =head3 Sorting and formatting the output
325 By default, all results are grouped by month; you can group results by
326 newsgroup instead via the B<--groupy-by> option. Within those groups, the
327 list of newsgroups (or months) is sorted alphabetically (or
328 chronologically, respectively) ascending. You can change that order (and
329 sort by number of postings) with the B<--order-by> option. For details and
330 exceptions, please see below.
332 The results will be formatted as a kind of table; you can change the
333 output format to a simple list or just a list of newsgroups and number of
334 postings with the B<--format> option. Captions will be added by means of
335 the B<--caption> option; all comments (and captions) can be supressed by
336 using B<--nocomments>.
338 Last but not least you can redirect all output to a number of files, e.g.
339 one for each month, by submitting the B<--filetemplate> option, see below.
340 Captions and comments are automatically disabled in this case.
344 B<groupstats> will read its configuration from F<newsstats.conf>
345 which should be present in etc/ via Config::Auto or from a configuration file
346 submitted by the B<--conffile> option.
348 See doc/INSTALL for an overview of possible configuration options.
350 You can override some configuration options via the B<--groupsdb> option.
356 =item B<-V>, B<--version>
358 Print out version and copyright information and exit.
360 =item B<-h>, B<--help>
362 Print this man page and exit.
364 =item B<-m>, B<--month> I<YYYY-MM[:YYYY-MM]|all>
366 Set processing period to a single month in YYYY-MM format or to a time
367 period between two month in YYYY-MM:YYYY-MM format (two month, separated
368 by a colon). By using the keyword I<all> instead, you can set no
369 processing period to process the whole database.
371 =item B<-n>, B<--newsgroups> I<newsgroup(s)>
373 Limit processing to a certain set of newsgroups. I<newsgroup(s)> can
374 be a single newsgroup name (de.alt.test), a newsgroup hierarchy
375 (de.alt.*) or a list of either of these, separated by colons, for
378 de.test:de.alt.test:de.newusers.*
380 =item B<-s>, B<--sums|--nosums> (sum per hierarchy level)
382 Include "virtual" groups for every hierarchy level in output, for
389 See the B<gatherstats> man page for details.
391 This option does not work together with the B<--checkgroups> option as
392 all "virtual" groups will not be present in the checkgroups file.
394 =item B<--checkgroups> I<filename>
396 Restrict output to those newgroups present in a file in checkgroups format
397 (one newgroup name per line; everything after the first whitespace on each
398 line is ignored). All other newsgroups will be removed from output.
400 Contrary to B<gatherstats>, I<filename> is not a template, but refers to
401 a single file in checkgroups format.
403 The B<--sums> option will not work together with this option as "virtual"
404 groups will not be present in the checkgroups file.
406 =item B<-r>, B<--report> I<default|average|sums>
408 Choose the report type: I<default>, I<average> or I<sums>
410 By default, B<groupstats> will report the number of postings for each
411 newsgroup in each month. But it can also report the average number of
412 postings per group for all months or the total sum of postings per group
415 For report types I<average> and I<sums>, the B<group-by> option has no
416 meaning and will be silently ignored (see below).
418 =item B<-l>, B<--lower> I<lower boundary>
420 Set the lower boundary. See B<--boundary> below.
422 =item B<-l>, B<--upper> I<upper boundary>
424 Set the upper boundary. See B<--boundary> below.
426 =item B<-b>, B<--boundary> I<boundary type>
428 Set the boundary type to one of I<default>, I<level>, I<average> or
431 By default, all newsgroups with more postings per month than the upper
432 boundary and/or less postings per month than the lower boundary will be
433 excluded from further processing. For the default report that means each
434 month only newsgroups with a number of postings between the boundaries
435 will be displayed. For the other report types, newsgroups with a number of
436 postings exceeding the boundaries in all (!) months will not be
439 For example, lets take a list of newsgroups like this:
442 de.comp.datenbanken.misc 6
443 de.comp.datenbanken.ms-access 84
444 de.comp.datenbanken.mysql 88
446 de.comp.datenbanken.misc 8
447 de.comp.datenbanken.ms-access 126
448 de.comp.datenbanken.mysql 21
450 de.comp.datenbanken.misc 24
451 de.comp.datenbanken.ms-access 83
452 de.comp.datenbanken.mysql 36
454 With C<groupstats --month 2012-01:2012-03 --lower 25 --report sums>,
455 you'll get the following result:
458 de.comp.datenbanken.ms-access 293
459 de.comp.datenbanken.mysql 124
461 de.comp.datenbanken.misc has not been considered even though it has 38
462 postings in total, because it has less than 25 postings in every single
463 month. If you want to list all newsgroups with more than 25 postings
464 I<in total>, you'll have to set the boundary type to I<sum>, see below.
466 A boundary type of I<level> will show only those newsgroups - at all -
467 that satisfy the boundaries in each and every single month. With the above
468 list of newsgroups and
469 C<groupstats --month 2012-01:2012-03 --lower 25 --boundary level --report sums>,
470 you'll get this result:
473 de.comp.datenbanken.ms-access 293
475 de.comp.datenbanken.mysql has not been considered because it had less than
476 25 postings in 2012-02 (only).
478 You can use that to get a list of newsgroups that have more (or less) then
479 x postings in every month during the whole reporting period.
481 A boundary type of I<average> will show only those newsgroups - at all -that
482 satisfy the boundaries on average. With the above list of newsgroups and
483 C<groupstats --month 2012-01:2012-03 --lower 25 --boundary avg --report sums>,
484 you'll get this result:
487 de.comp.datenbanken.ms-access 293
488 de.comp.datenbanken.mysql 145
490 The average number of postings in the three groups is:
492 de.comp.datenbanken.misc 12.67
493 de.comp.datenbanken.ms-access 97.67
494 de.comp.datenbanken.mysql 48.33
496 Last but not least, a boundary type of I<sums> will show only those
497 newsgroups - at all - that satisfy the boundaries with the total sum of
498 all postings during the reporting period. With the above list of
500 C<groupstats --month 2012-01:2012-03 --lower 25 --boundary sum --report sums>,
501 you'll finally get this result:
504 de.comp.datenbanken.misc 38
505 de.comp.datenbanken.ms-access 293
506 de.comp.datenbanken.mysql 145
509 =item B<-g>, B<--group-by> I<month[-desc]|newsgroups[-desc]>
511 By default, all results are grouped by month, sorted chronologically in
512 ascending order, like this:
515 de.comp.datenbanken.ms-access 84
516 de.comp.datenbanken.mysql 88
518 de.comp.datenbanken.ms-access 126
519 de.comp.datenbanken.mysql 21
521 The results can be grouped by newsgroups instead via
522 B<--group-by> I<newsgroup>:
524 ----- de.comp.datenbanken.ms-access:
527 ----- de.comp.datenbanken.mysql:
531 By appending I<-desc> to the group-by option parameter, you can reverse
532 the sort order - e.g. B<--group-by> I<month-desc> will give:
535 de.comp.datenbanken.ms-access 126
536 de.comp.datenbanken.mysql 21
538 de.comp.datenbanken.ms-access 84
539 de.comp.datenbanken.mysql 88
541 Average and sums reports (see above) will always be grouped by months;
542 this option will therefore be ignored.
544 =item B<-o>, B<--order-by> I<default[-desc]|postings[-desc]>
546 Within each group (a single month or single newsgroup, see above), the
547 report will be sorted by newsgroup names in ascending alphabetical order
548 by default. You can change the sort order to descending or sort by number
551 =item B<-f>, B<--format> I<pretty|list|dump>
553 Select the output format, I<pretty> being the default:
556 de.comp.datenbanken.ms-access 84
557 de.comp.datenbanken.mysql 88
559 de.comp.datenbanken.ms-access 126
560 de.comp.datenbanken.mysql 21
562 I<list> format looks like this:
564 2012-01 de.comp.datenbanken.ms-access 84
565 2012-01 de.comp.datenbanken.mysql 88
566 2012-02 de.comp.datenbanken.ms-access 126
567 2012-02 de.comp.datenbanken.mysql 21
569 And I<dump> format looks like this:
572 de.comp.datenbanken.ms-access 84
573 de.comp.datenbanken.mysql 88
575 de.comp.datenbanken.ms-access 126
576 de.comp.datenbanken.mysql 21
578 You can remove the comments by using B<--nocomments>, see below.
580 =item B<-c>, B<--captions|--nocaptions>
582 Add captions to output, like this:
584 ----- Report for 2012-01 to 2012-02 (number of postings for each month)
585 ----- Newsgroups: de.comp.datenbanken.*
586 ----- Threshold: 10 => x <= 20 (on average)
587 ----- Grouped by Newsgroups (ascending), sorted by number of postings descending
591 =item B<--comments|--nocomments>
593 Add comments (group headers) to I<dump> and I<pretty> output. True by default.
595 Use I<--nocomments> to suppress anything except newsgroup names/months and
596 numbers of postings. This is enforced when using B<--filetemplate>, see below.
598 =item B<--filetemplate> I<filename template>
600 Save output to file(s) instead of dumping it to STDOUT. B<groupstats> will
601 create one file for each month (or each newsgroup, accordant to the
602 setting of B<--group-by>, see above), with filenames composed by adding
603 year and month (or newsgroup names) to the I<filename template>, for
604 example with B<--filetemplate> I<stats>:
610 B<--nocomments> is enforced, see above.
612 =item B<--groupsdb> I<database table>
614 Override I<DBTableGrps> from F<newsstats.conf>.
616 =item B<--conffile> I<filename>
618 Load configuration from I<filename> instead of F<newsstats.conf>.
628 Show number of postings per group for lasth month in I<pretty> format:
632 Show that report for January of 2010 and de.alt.* plus de.test,
633 including display of hierarchy levels:
635 groupstats --month 2010-01 --newsgroups de.alt.*:de.test --sums
637 Only show newsgroups with 30 postings or less last month, ordered
638 by number of postings, descending, in I<pretty> format:
640 groupstats --upper 30 --order-by postings-desc
642 Show the total of all postings for the year of 2010 for all groups that
643 had 30 postings or less in every single month in that year, ordered by
644 number of postings in descending order:
646 groupstats -m 2010-01:2010-12 -u 30 -b level -r sums -o postings-desc
648 The same for the average number of postings in the year of 2010:
650 groupstats -m 2010-01:2010-12 -u 30 -b level -r avg -o postings-desc
652 List number of postings per group for eacht month of 2010 and redirect
653 output to one file for each month, namend stats-2010-01 and so on, in
654 machine-readable form (without formatting):
656 groupstats -m 2010-01:2010-12 -f dump --filetemplate stats
663 =item F<bin/groupstats.pl>
667 =item F<lib/NewsStats.pm>
669 Library functions for the NewsStats package.
671 =item F<etc/newsstats.conf>
673 Runtime configuration file.
679 Please report any bugs or feature requests to the author or use the
680 bug tracker at L<http://bugs.th-h.de/>!
700 This script is part of the B<NewsStats> package.
704 Thomas Hochstein <thh@inter.net>
706 =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
708 Copyright (c) 2010-2013 Thomas Hochstein <thh@inter.net>
710 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
711 under the same terms as Perl itself.